feat: add constructor for Student class to parse object from string representation

- Updated `to_s` method to standardize string representation of Student object.
- Added `from_string` constructor that parses a formatted string and initializes the object with parsed data.
- Modified `set_contacts` to ensure contacts are only set via the defined method.
- Added validation for Git presence and contact details presence, ensuring data integrity.
- Updated tests in main.rb to validate the new constructor and string parsing logic.

lab2/main.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 require_relative 'student'
 
 begin
+    student_string = "Норакет Норакет Норакет | ID: 2 | Phone: +1234567890 | Telegram: @nora | Email: nora@example.com | Git: https://github.com/nora"
+    student_from_string = Student.from_string(student_string)
+    puts "Создан объект из строки:\n#{student_from_string}"
+
+
     student1 = Student.new(
         surname: 'Алексеевич',
         name: 'Артем-Дариус',

lab2/student.rb

@@ -45,6 +45,27 @@ class Student
       validate
     end
 
+    def self.from_string(student_string)
+        parts = student_string.split('|').map(&:strip)
+        surname, name, patronymic = parts[0].split(' ')
+        id = parts[1].split(': ').last.to_i
+        phone = parts[2].split(': ').last
+        telegram = parts[3].split(': ').last
+        email = parts[4].split(': ').last
+        git = parts[5].split(': ').last
+    
+        new(
+          surname: surname,
+          name: name,
+          patronymic: patronymic,
+          id: id,
+          phone: phone,
+          telegram: telegram,
+          email: email,
+          git: git
+        )
+    end
+  
     def set_contacts(phone: nil, telegram: nil, email: nil)
       @phone = phone
       raise ArgumentError, "Invalid phone number format: #{@phone}" if @phone && !Student.valid_phone_number?(@phone)
@@ -70,12 +91,9 @@ class Student
     end
   
     def to_s
-      "Student: #{@surname} #{@name} #{@patronymic}\n" \
+        "#{@surname} #{@name} #{@patronymic} | ID: #{@id || 'N/A'} | " \
-      "ID: #{@id || 'N/A'}\n" \
+        "Phone: #{@phone || 'N/A'} | Telegram: #{@telegram || 'N/A'} | " \
-      "Phone: #{@phone || 'N/A'}\n" \
+        "Email: #{@email || 'N/A'} | Git: #{@git || 'N/A'}"
-      "Telegram: #{@telegram || 'N/A'}\n" \
-      "Email: #{@email || 'N/A'}\n" \
-      "Git: #{@git || 'N/A'}"
       end
   
     private