feat: add field validations to Student class and modify constructor

- Added class methods to validate the format of strings for each field:
  - `valid_name?` for surname, name, and patronymic (only letters allowed).
  - `valid_phone_number?` for phone number (validates 10-15 digits, optional '+' sign).
  - `valid_telegram?` for telegram handle (starts with '@' and allows letters, digits, and underscores).
  - `valid_email?` for email (standard email format validation).
  - `valid_git?` for Git link (validates GitHub URL format).

- Modified the `initialize` constructor:
  - Integrated validations for all fields with descriptive error messages.
  - Ensured objects cannot be created with invalid data formats.

lab2/student.rb

@@ -5,10 +5,31 @@ class Student
         phone.match?(/\A\+?[0-9]{10,15}\z/)
     end
 
+    def self.valid_name?(name)
+        name.match?(/\A[А-Яа-яЁёA-Za-z\-]+\z/)
+    end
+
+    def self.valid_telegram?(telegram)
+        telegram.nil? || telegram.match?(/\A@[A-Za-z0-9_]{5,32}\z/)
+    end
+
+    def self.valid_email?(email)
+        email.nil? || email.match?(/\A[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+\.[^@\s]+\z/)
+    end
+
+    def self.valid_git?(git)
+        git.nil? || git.match?(/\Ahttps:\/\/github\.com\/[A-Za-z0-9_\-]+\z/)
+    end
+
     def initialize(args = {})
         @surname = args.fetch(:surname)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid surname format: #{@surname}" unless Student.valid_name?(@surname)
+
         @name = args.fetch(:name)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid name format: #{@name}" unless Student.valid_name?(@name)
+
         @patronymic = args.fetch(:patronymic)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid patronymic format: #{@patronymic}" unless Student.valid_name?(@patronymic)
 
         @id = args[:id] || nil
 
@@ -16,10 +37,15 @@ class Student
         if @phone && !Student.valid_phone_number?(@phone)
             raise ArgumentError, "Invalid phone number format: #{@phone}"
         end
-        
+
-        @telegram = args[:telegram] || nil
+        @telegram = args[:telegram]
-        @email = args[:email] || nil
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid telegram format: #{@telegram}" unless Student.valid_telegram?(@telegram)
-        @git = args[:git] || nil
+
+        @email = args[:email]
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid email format: #{@email}" unless Student.valid_email?(@email)
+
+        @git = args[:git]
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid git format: #{@git}" unless Student.valid_git?(@git)
     end
 
     def to_s
@@ -30,4 +56,4 @@ class Student
         "Email: #{@email || 'N/A'}\n" \
         "Git: #{@git || 'N/A'}"
     end
-  end
+end